Android 11 adds functionality to support 5G in your apps. Thistopic covers the functionality and gives you an overview of how adding5G-specific functionality to your app can improve the user experience.
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Build for 5G
When deciding how to engage with 5G, think about what types of experiences youare trying to build. Some ways that 5G can enhance your app include:
- Automatically make current experiences faster and better because of the speedand latency improvements of 5G.
- Up-level the user experience, such as by showing 4k video or downloadinghigher-resolution game assets.
- After confirming that the increased data usage won't cost the user, includeexperiences normally only provided over Wi-Fi, such asproactively download content typically reserved for unmetered Wi-Fi.
- Provide experiences unique to 5G that work only withhigh speeds and low latency.
5G functionality
Android 11 introduces the following functionality changes andenhancements:
Check meteredness
TheNET_CAPABILITY_TEMPORARILY_NOT_METEREDis a capability added in Android 11 that tells you if thenetwork you are using is unmetered based on information provided by cellularcarriers.
The new flag is used alongsideNET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED.The existing flag indicates if a network is always unmetered, and applies toboth Wi-Fi and cellular connections.
The difference between the two flags isNET_CAPABILITY_TEMPORARILY_NOT_METERED may change without the network typechanging. Apps that target Android 11 can use theNET_CAPABILITY_TEMPORARILY_NOT_METERED flag. On devices running on Android 9and lower, the OS will not report on the flag. For apps running on Android 10,this flag may be available, depending on the device it is running on.
Once you've determined that the current network is temporarily or permanentlyunmetered, you can display higher-resolution content (such as 4k video), uploadlogs, back up files, and proactively download content.
The following sections cover the steps to add meteredness-checking to your app.
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Register a network callback
Register for a network callback usingConnectivityManager.registerDefaultNetworkCallback()to hear when NetworkCapabilities change. You can detect changes toNetworkCapabilities by overriding theonCapabilitiesChanged()method in your NetworkCallback.
registerDefaultNetworkCallback() causes the registered callback to triggerimmediately when registered, giving the app info about the current state. Futurecallbacks are critical for the apps to take appropriate action when the state ischanging from unmetered to metered or the other way around.
Check for meteredness
Use the NetworkCapabilites object that you receive in a network callback tocheck the output of the following code:
If the value is true, then you can treat the network as unmetered.
Additional considerations
When working with this functionality, keep the following in mind:
Using the
NET_CAPABILITY_TEMPORARILY_NOT_METEREDflag requires that youcompiled your app against the Android 11 SDK.The
NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METEREDcapability is permanent on a network. Anetwork with this capability will disconnect automatically if it loses thecapability (becomes metered).In contrast,
NET_CAPABILITY_TEMPORARILY_NOT_METEREDmay change on a networkwithout disconnecting. Therefore, apps must listen for theonCapabilitiesChanged()callback to handle when the network returns to itsmetered status (loses theNET_CAPABILITY_TEMPORARILY_NOT_METEREDcapability).A network can't have both
NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METEREDandNET_CAPABILITY_TEMPORARILY_NOT_METEREDat the same time.
5G detection
Starting in Android 11, you can detect if the device is connectedto a 5G network using a callback-based API call. You can check for whether theconnection is a 5G NR (standalone) or NSA (nonstandalone) network.
Note: While you can detect if you are connected to a 5G network, you cannotassume meteredness, connection speed, nor bandwidth from this signal.Some uses for this API call may include:
Displaying 5G branding in your app to highlight that you're offering a unique5G experience.
Activating a unique 5G experience in the app only when on a 5G network. Youshould pair this status check with checking for meteredness.
Keeping track of 5G connections for analytics purposes.
To test 5G detection without a 5G device, you can use features added to theAndroid SDK emulator.
Detect 5G
CallTelephonyManager.listen(),passing inLISTEN_DISPLAY_INFO_CHANGED,to determine if the user has a 5G network connection. Override theonDisplayInfoChanged()method to determine the type of network the app is connected to:
| Return type | Network |
|---|---|
OVERRIDE_NETWORK_TYPE_LTE_ADVANCED_PRO | Advanced pro LTE (5Ge) |
OVERRIDE_NETWORK_TYPE_NR_NSA | NR (5G) for 5G Sub-6 networks |
OVERRIDE_NETWORK_TYPE_NR_NSA_MMWAVE | (5G+/5G UW) for 5G mmWave networks |
READ_PHONE_STATEpermission in order to use this API.Bandwidth estimation
Bandwidth estimation uses the NetworkCapabilities object that you work withwhen determining meteredness. You can get bandwidth estimates using that object.
The reliability and accuracy of the bandwidth estimation methodsgetLinkDownstreamBandwidthKbps()andgetLinkUpstreamBandwidthKbps()improve in Android 11 due to upgrades to framework support andplatform/modem bug fixes to accommodate 5G.
Bandwidth defaults provide guidance on app start-up only. This should help youwith the “start-up on idle” scenario. Your app should measure what it seesonce your users have started engaging with the app and adjust its streamingbehavior dynamically. For example, you may choose the resolution of video toprovide based on the bandwidth estimation at startup. Continue checking theestimates as your users use the app; as their connection type andstrength changes, adjust your app's behavior accordingly.
Note: Bandwidth estimates, alone, cannot tell you if the user is on 5G or not.To determine that, see 5G detection.Android 11 adds functionality to support 5G in your apps. Thistopic covers the functionality and gives you an overview of how adding5G-specific functionality to your app can improve the user experience.
Build for 5G
When deciding how to engage with 5G, think about what types of experiences youare trying to build. Some ways that 5G can enhance your app include:
- Automatically make current experiences faster and better because of the speedand latency improvements of 5G.
- Up-level the user experience, such as by showing 4k video or downloadinghigher-resolution game assets.
- After confirming that the increased data usage won't cost the user, includeexperiences normally only provided over Wi-Fi, such asproactively download content typically reserved for unmetered Wi-Fi.
- Provide experiences unique to 5G that work only withhigh speeds and low latency.
5G functionality
Android 11 introduces the following functionality changes andenhancements:
Check meteredness
TheNET_CAPABILITY_TEMPORARILY_NOT_METEREDis a capability added in Android 11 that tells you if thenetwork you are using is unmetered based on information provided by cellularcarriers.
The new flag is used alongsideNET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED.The existing flag indicates if a network is always unmetered, and applies toboth Wi-Fi and cellular connections.
The difference between the two flags isNET_CAPABILITY_TEMPORARILY_NOT_METERED may change without the network typechanging. Apps that target Android 11 can use theNET_CAPABILITY_TEMPORARILY_NOT_METERED flag. On devices running on Android 9and lower, the OS will not report on the flag. For apps running on Android 10,this flag may be available, depending on the device it is running on.
Once you've determined that the current network is temporarily or permanentlyunmetered, you can display higher-resolution content (such as 4k video), uploadlogs, back up files, and proactively download content.
The following sections cover the steps to add meteredness-checking to your app.
Register a network callback
Register for a network callback usingConnectivityManager.registerDefaultNetworkCallback()to hear when NetworkCapabilities change. You can detect changes toNetworkCapabilities by overriding theonCapabilitiesChanged()method in your NetworkCallback.
registerDefaultNetworkCallback() causes the registered callback to triggerimmediately when registered, giving the app info about the current state. Futurecallbacks are critical for the apps to take appropriate action when the state ischanging from unmetered to metered or the other way around.
Check for meteredness
Use the NetworkCapabilites object that you receive in a network callback tocheck the output of the following code:
If the value is true, then you can treat the network as unmetered.
Additional considerations
When working with this functionality, keep the following in mind:
Using the
NET_CAPABILITY_TEMPORARILY_NOT_METEREDflag requires that youcompiled your app against the Android 11 SDK.The
NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METEREDcapability is permanent on a network. Anetwork with this capability will disconnect automatically if it loses thecapability (becomes metered).In contrast,
NET_CAPABILITY_TEMPORARILY_NOT_METEREDmay change on a networkwithout disconnecting. Therefore, apps must listen for theonCapabilitiesChanged()callback to handle when the network returns to itsmetered status (loses theNET_CAPABILITY_TEMPORARILY_NOT_METEREDcapability).A network can't have both
NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METEREDandNET_CAPABILITY_TEMPORARILY_NOT_METEREDat the same time.
5G detection
Starting in Android 11, you can detect if the device is connectedto a 5G network using a callback-based API call. You can check for whether theconnection is a 5G NR (standalone) or NSA (nonstandalone) network.
Note: While you can detect if you are connected to a 5G network, you cannotassume meteredness, connection speed, nor bandwidth from this signal.Some uses for this API call may include:
Displaying 5G branding in your app to highlight that you're offering a unique5G experience.
Activating a unique 5G experience in the app only when on a 5G network. Youshould pair this status check with checking for meteredness.
Keeping track of 5G connections for analytics purposes.
To test 5G detection without a 5G device, you can use features added to theAndroid SDK emulator.
Detect 5G
CallTelephonyManager.listen(),passing inLISTEN_DISPLAY_INFO_CHANGED,to determine if the user has a 5G network connection. Override theonDisplayInfoChanged()method to determine the type of network the app is connected to:
| Return type | Network |
|---|---|
OVERRIDE_NETWORK_TYPE_LTE_ADVANCED_PRO | Advanced pro LTE (5Ge) |
OVERRIDE_NETWORK_TYPE_NR_NSA | NR (5G) for 5G Sub-6 networks |
OVERRIDE_NETWORK_TYPE_NR_NSA_MMWAVE | (5G+/5G UW) for 5G mmWave networks |
READ_PHONE_STATEpermission in order to use this API.Bandwidth estimation
Bandwidth estimation uses the NetworkCapabilities object that you work withwhen determining meteredness. You can get bandwidth estimates using that object.
The reliability and accuracy of the bandwidth estimation methodsgetLinkDownstreamBandwidthKbps()andgetLinkUpstreamBandwidthKbps()improve in Android 11 due to upgrades to framework support andplatform/modem bug fixes to accommodate 5G.
Bandwidth defaults provide guidance on app start-up only. This should help youwith the “start-up on idle” scenario. Your app should measure what it seesonce your users have started engaging with the app and adjust its streamingbehavior dynamically. For example, you may choose the resolution of video toprovide based on the bandwidth estimation at startup. Continue checking theestimates as your users use the app; as their connection type andstrength changes, adjust your app's behavior accordingly.
Note: